# 외부 기술 문서 (External Technical Documents) - Glossary Sample Data

## 개요
이 문서는 통신업계의 15개 업무 도메인에 대한 외부 기술 문서 기반 용어집 샘플 데이터를 포함합니다.
각 샘플은 국제 표준, 벤더 문서, 산업 프레임워크, 모범 사례 등 외부 출처의 공식 정의를 반영합니다.

**총 샘플 수**: 225개 (도메인당 15개)
**출처 유형**: 3GPP, ITU, IETF, IEEE, ETSI, O-RAN Alliance, TMForum, ISO, Vendor Documentation

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## 1. 네트워크 인프라 (Network Infrastructure) - 15 samples

JSON 파일에 포함됨 (ext-ni-001 ~ ext-ni-015)

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## 2. 기술 개발 및 연구 (Technology Development & R&D) - 15 samples

JSON 파일에 포함됨 (ext-td-001 ~ ext-td-015)

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## 3. 고객 서비스 (Customer Service) - 15 samples

JSON 파일에 포함됨 (ext-cs-001 ~ ext-cs-015)

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## 4. 영업 및 마케팅 (Sales & Marketing)

### ext-sm-001: ARPU (Average Revenue Per User)
- **정의**: Average monthly revenue generated per subscriber, calculated by dividing total revenue by average number of subscribers
- **출처**: TMForum GB921 - Revenue Business Entity Definitions v19.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 통신사의 핵심 재무 지표로 고객당 평균 매출 측정. 요금제 전략 및 수익성 평가의 기준
- **관련용어**: MOU, Churn Rate, Customer Lifetime Value, Service Revenue
- **활용예시**: "Premium segment ARPU increased 15% YoY to $45, driven by 5G adoption and data upselling"
- **신뢰도**: 0.98

### ext-sm-002: Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)
- **정의**: Total sales and marketing expenses required to acquire a new customer, including advertising, commissions, and onboarding costs
- **출처**: GSMA Intelligence - Mobile Economy Report 2024
- **컨텍스트**: 신규 고객 확보에 소요되는 총 비용. LTV/CAC 비율로 마케팅 효율성 평가
- **관련용어**: LTV, Payback Period, Marketing ROI, Acquisition Channel
- **활용예시**: "Telecom operators typically aim for LTV:CAC ratio of 3:1 or higher for sustainable growth"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-sm-003: Prepaid vs Postpaid Model
- **정의**: Two billing models where prepaid requires payment before service usage, while postpaid bills after usage based on actual consumption
- **출처**: ITU-T D.270 - Principles applicable to charging and accounting in the provision of mobile cellular services
- **컨텍스트**: 통신사의 주요 과금 모델. 시장별·고객층별로 선호도 상이하며 각각 장단점 존재
- **관련용어**: Recharge, Credit Limit, Bill Cycle, Payment Method
- **활용예시**: "Emerging markets show 70%+ prepaid penetration while mature markets favor postpaid with bundled devices"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-sm-004: MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator)
- **정의**: Wireless service provider that does not own the wireless network infrastructure, instead leasing capacity from MNOs
- **출처**: GSMA - MVNO Market Structure and Dynamics Report
- **컨텍스트**: 자체 네트워크 인프라 없이 MNO 도매 서비스를 활용하는 가상 이동통신사업자
- **관련용어**: MNO, Wholesale Agreement, MVNE, Brand Reseller, Full MVNO
- **활용예시**: "MVNOs captured 15% of European mobile market by targeting niche segments with flexible pricing"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-sm-005: Bundling Strategy
- **정의**: Marketing approach combining multiple services (mobile, broadband, TV) into single package at discounted price to increase customer value
- **출처**: TMForum GB988 - Customer Experience Management v6.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 다양한 서비스를 결합하여 할인된 가격에 제공함으로써 고객 가치 증대 및 이탈 방지
- **관련용어**: Triple Play, Quad Play, Cross-Sell, Package Discount, Convergence
- **활용예시**: "Converged bundles reduce churn by 40% compared to standalone mobile services"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-sm-006: Promotional Campaign ROI
- **정의**: Return on investment for marketing campaigns, measuring revenue generated versus campaign costs over defined period
- **출처**: Marketing Accountability Standards Board (MASB) - Marketing Metrics Framework
- **컨텍스트**: 프로모션 캠페인의 투자 대비 수익률 측정. 마케팅 예산 최적화의 핵심 지표
- **관련용어**: Campaign Attribution, Incremental Revenue, Marketing Mix Modeling, A/B Testing
- **활용예시**: "5G launch campaign achieved 250% ROI with 50,000 new activations at $35 CAC"
- **신뢰도**: 0.93

### ext-sm-007: Channel Partner Management
- **정의**: Process of recruiting, enabling, and managing third-party sales channels including retailers, dealers, and online partners
- **출처**: TMForum GB929 - Partner Business Entity Definitions v19.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 소매점, 대리점, 온라인 파트너 등 제3자 판매 채널의 모집·육성·관리 프로세스
- **관련용어**: Channel Conflict, Partner Portal, Commission Structure, Indirect Sales
- **활용예시**: "Effective channel management requires balanced incentives, training programs, and performance monitoring"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-sm-008: Product Lifecycle Management
- **정의**: Strategic approach managing product evolution from introduction through growth, maturity, and decline phases
- **출처**: TMForum GB922 - Product Business Entity Definitions v19.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 제품의 도입·성장·성숙·쇠퇴 단계별 전략적 관리. 시장 변화 및 기술 진화에 대응
- **관련용어**: Launch Strategy, Sunset Policy, Product Portfolio, Market Lifecycle
- **활용예시**: "3G service sunset requires managed migration of customers to 4G/5G with minimal churn"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-sm-009: Market Segmentation
- **정의**: Division of broader market into distinct customer groups with similar needs, characteristics, or behaviors for targeted marketing
- **출처**: Kotler & Keller - Marketing Management 16th Edition (Industry Standard)
- **컨텍스트**: 유사한 니즈·특성·행동을 가진 고객 그룹으로 시장을 세분화하여 타겟 마케팅 수행
- **관련용어**: Target Market, Positioning, Demographic Segmentation, Behavioral Segmentation
- **활용예시**: "Youth segment prioritizes unlimited data and social media bundles, while business segment values reliability and support"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-sm-010: Brand Equity
- **정의**: Commercial value derived from consumer perception of brand name rather than product itself, measured by awareness, loyalty, and associations
- **출처**: Interbrand - Best Global Brands Methodology
- **컨텍스트**: 제품 자체가 아닌 브랜드 인지도·충성도·연상 이미지에서 파생되는 상업적 가치
- **관련용어**: Brand Value, Brand Awareness, Brand Loyalty, Brand Association, Net Promoter Score
- **활용예시**: "Strong brand equity enables 10-15% price premium over competitors in commoditized telecom markets"
- **신뢰도**: 0.93

### ext-sm-011: Digital Marketing Attribution
- **정의**: Process of identifying and assigning credit to digital marketing touchpoints that contribute to customer conversions
- **출처**: Google Analytics - Attribution Modeling Best Practices
- **컨텍스트**: 고객 전환에 기여한 디지털 마케팅 접점을 식별하고 기여도를 할당하는 프로세스
- **관련용어**: Multi-Touch Attribution, First-Click, Last-Click, Linear Attribution, Customer Journey
- **활용예시**: "Multi-touch attribution revealed that social media drives awareness while search drives conversion in mobile acquisition"
- **신뢰도**: 0.92

### ext-sm-012: Competitive Intelligence
- **정의**: Systematic collection and analysis of competitor information regarding products, pricing, marketing strategies, and market positioning
- **출처**: Strategic and Competitive Intelligence Professionals (SCIP) - Best Practices
- **컨텍스트**: 경쟁사의 제품·가격·마케팅 전략·시장 포지셔닝 정보를 체계적으로 수집·분석
- **관련용어**: Market Analysis, SWOT, Competitive Benchmarking, Market Share, Price Monitoring
- **활용예시**: "Real-time competitive intelligence enables rapid response to competitor promotions within 24-48 hours"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-sm-013: Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)
- **정의**: Predicted net profit attributed to entire future relationship with customer, considering acquisition cost, revenue, and retention probability
- **출처**: Harvard Business Review - The Economics of E-Loyalty (Industry Framework)
- **컨텍스트**: 고객 관계의 전체 기간 동안 예상되는 순이익. 획득비용·수익·유지율을 고려한 핵심 지표
- **관련용어**: CAC, LTV:CAC Ratio, Retention Rate, Churn Probability, Discount Rate
- **활용예시**: "High-value postpaid customers show average CLV of $2,500 over 5-year period, justifying premium acquisition spend"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-sm-014: Omnichannel Marketing
- **정의**: Integrated marketing approach providing seamless customer experience across all channels including online, mobile, social, and physical stores
- **출처**: TMForum TR257 - Customer Experience Framework v1.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 온라인·모바일·소셜·매장 등 모든 채널에서 일관된 고객 경험을 제공하는 통합 마케팅
- **관련용어**: Cross-Channel, Channel Integration, Customer Journey, Unified Commerce
- **활용예시**: "Omnichannel campaigns show 2.5x higher engagement rates compared to single-channel approaches"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-sm-015: Dynamic Pricing
- **정의**: Flexible pricing strategy that adjusts prices in real-time based on market demand, competition, inventory, and customer segments
- **출처**: McKinsey - Pricing Excellence in Telecommunications (Industry Research)
- **컨텍스트**: 시장 수요·경쟁·재고·고객 세그먼트에 따라 실시간으로 가격을 조정하는 유연한 가격 전략
- **관련용어**: Surge Pricing, Yield Management, Price Optimization, Algorithmic Pricing
- **활용예시**: "Dynamic pricing for data packages during peak hours can increase revenue by 8-12% while managing network load"
- **신뢰도**: 0.91

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## 5. 요금 및 청구 (Billing & Revenue)

### ext-br-001: Convergent Billing
- **정의**: Unified billing system capable of rating and charging multiple services (voice, data, video, IoT) on single invoice
- **출처**: TMForum GB917 - Rating, Charging and Billing Business Process Framework v19.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 음성·데이터·비디오·IoT 등 다양한 서비스를 단일 청구서로 통합 처리하는 빌링 시스템
- **관련용어**: Rating Engine, Charging System, Invoice Consolidation, Multi-Service Billing
- **활용예시**: "Convergent billing reduces customer confusion and operational costs by consolidating all services on one bill"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-br-002: Real-Time Charging (Online Charging)
- **정의**: Charging mechanism that monitors credit/resources in real-time and controls service access based on available balance (3GPP Diameter-based)
- **출처**: 3GPP TS 32.240 - Charging architecture and principles
- **컨텍스트**: 실시간으로 잔액을 모니터링하고 가용 잔액에 따라 서비스 접근을 제어하는 온라인 과금 방식
- **관련용어**: OCS, Diameter Protocol, Credit Control, Session-Based Charging, IEC (Immediate Event Charging)
- **활용예시**: "Real-time charging prevents revenue leakage by cutting off service when prepaid balance reaches zero"
- **신뢰도**: 0.98

### ext-br-003: Revenue Assurance
- **정의**: Set of processes and controls ensuring all revenue due is billed, collected, and properly accounted for with minimal leakage
- **출처**: TM Forum GB1238 - Revenue Assurance Guide v5.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 모든 수익이 정확히 청구·수금·회계처리되도록 보장하는 프로세스 및 통제 시스템
- **관련용어**: Revenue Leakage, Fraud Detection, Data Reconciliation, Revenue Recovery
- **활용예시**: "Revenue assurance programs typically recover 0.5-2% of total revenue through leakage prevention"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-br-004: Mediation System
- **정의**: System that collects, aggregates, filters, and formats raw network usage data (CDRs) for billing and analytics systems
- **출처**: TMForum GB917 - Rating, Charging and Billing Business Process Framework
- **컨텍스트**: 네트워크 원시 사용 데이터(CDR)를 수집·집계·필터링·포맷하여 빌링 및 분석 시스템에 전달
- **관련용어**: CDR, Usage Data, Data Aggregation, Rating Engine, ETL
- **활용예시**: "Mediation systems process billions of CDRs daily, validating and enriching data before rating"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-br-005: Dunning Management
- **정의**: Automated process of communicating with customers to collect overdue payments through escalating reminder sequences
- **출처**: TMForum GB921 - Revenue Business Entity Definitions v19.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 연체 고객에게 단계적 알림을 발송하여 미수금을 회수하는 자동화된 프로세스
- **관련용어**: Collections, Payment Reminder, Service Suspension, Debt Recovery, Bad Debt
- **활용예시**: "Effective dunning reduces bad debt write-offs from 3% to under 1% of total revenue"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-br-006: Settlement and Interconnect Billing
- **정의**: Process of calculating, invoicing, and reconciling charges between telecom operators for interconnection services
- **출처**: ITU-T D.93 - Charging and accounting in the international mobile satellite service
- **컨텍스트**: 통신사업자 간 상호접속 서비스에 대한 요금 계산·청구·정산 프로세스
- **관련용어**: Wholesale Billing, Interconnect Rates, TAP (Transferred Account Procedure), IOT Testing
- **활용예시**: "Interconnect billing manages complex wholesale relationships including voice termination, roaming, and data exchange"
- **신�리도**: 0.96

### ext-br-007: Rating Engine
- **정의**: System component that applies pricing rules to usage events to calculate charges based on tariff plans, discounts, and promotions
- **출처**: TMForum GB917 - Rating, Charging and Billing Business Process Framework v19.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 사용 이벤트에 요금제·할인·프로모션 규칙을 적용하여 과금액을 계산하는 시스템 컴포넌트
- **관련용어**: Tariff Configuration, Usage Rating, Batch Rating, Real-Time Rating, Zone-Based Pricing
- **활용예시**: "Modern rating engines support complex scenarios like time-of-day pricing, location-based charges, and tiered bundles"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-br-008: Invoice Presentment and Payment (IPP)
- **정의**: Digital systems enabling electronic bill delivery and online payment processing for customer convenience and cost reduction
- **출처**: NACHA - Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment Best Practices
- **컨텍스트**: 전자 청구서 전송 및 온라인 결제 처리를 가능케 하는 디지털 시스템. 편의성 증대 및 비용 절감
- **관련용어**: E-Bill, EBPP, Payment Gateway, Bill Aggregator, Digital Wallet
- **활용예시**: "Electronic billing reduces invoice delivery costs by 60-70% compared to paper bills while improving payment speed"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-br-009: Taxation and Regulatory Fees
- **정의**: Automated calculation and application of government-mandated taxes, fees, and surcharges on telecom services
- **출처**: ITU Telecommunication Development Sector - Taxation of Telecommunication/ICT Services
- **컨텍스트**: 통신 서비스에 대한 정부 규정 세금·수수료·부담금의 자동 계산 및 적용
- **관련용어**: VAT, Excise Tax, USF (Universal Service Fund), Regulatory Compliance, Tax Jurisdiction
- **활용예시**: "Telecom tax engines must handle complex rules varying by jurisdiction, service type, and customer classification"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-br-010: Prepaid Balance Management
- **정의**: Real-time system tracking customer account balance, expiry dates, and allowances for prepaid services
- **출처**: 3GPP TS 32.296 - Online Charging System (OCS) applications and interfaces
- **컨텍스트**: 선불 서비스 고객의 계정 잔액·만료일·허용량을 실시간으로 추적하는 시스템
- **관련용어**: Top-Up, Balance Expiry, Account Hierarchy, OCS, Service Validity Period
- **활용예시**: "Prepaid balance management supports complex scenarios like multiple wallets, bonus credits, and rollover allowances"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-br-011: Bill Shock Prevention
- **정의**: Regulatory requirement and best practice to notify customers approaching usage limits or incurring extraordinary charges
- **출처**: BEREC - Guidelines on Transparency Measures for Ensuring Open Internet Access (EU Regulation)
- **컨텍스트**: 고객이 사용량 한도 도달 또는 초과 요금 발생 시 알림을 제공하는 규제 요구사항 및 모범 사례
- **관련용어**: Usage Alert, Spending Limit, Roaming Cap, Fair Usage Policy, Transparency
- **활용예시**: "EU regulations require operators to send alerts at 80%, 100%, and when international roaming charges exceed €50"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-br-012: Subscription Management
- **정의**: System managing complete subscriber lifecycle including activation, modification, suspension, and termination of services
- **출처**: TMForum SID - Subscription Business Entity Model v19.0.0
- **컨텍스트**: 가입자의 서비스 활성화·변경·정지·해지 등 전체 생명주기를 관리하는 시스템
- **관련용어**: Provisioning, Service Activation, Plan Change, Winback, Subscription Status
- **활용예시**: "Subscription management orchestrates complex workflows across billing, network, and CRM systems during plan changes"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-br-013: Discount and Promotion Engine
- **정의**: System component applying complex discount rules, promotional offers, and loyalty rewards to customer charges
- **출처**: TMForum GB922 - Product Business Entity Definitions (Promotion Management)
- **컨텍스트**: 복잡한 할인 규칙·프로모션 오퍼·로열티 리워드를 고객 요금에 적용하는 시스템 컴포넌트
- **관련용어**: Campaign Management, Conditional Discounts, Loyalty Points, Time-Limited Offers, Bundling
- **활용예시**: "Promotion engines support scenarios like 'buy-one-get-one', graduated discounts, and family plan savings"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-br-014: Bad Debt Management
- **정의**: Processes and policies for managing uncollectible accounts including write-offs, debt collection agencies, and credit bureau reporting
- **출처**: IFRS 9 - Financial Instruments (Expected Credit Loss Model)
- **컨텍스트**: 미수금 대손처리·채권추심기관 의뢰·신용정보기관 등록 등 회수 불능 계정 관리 프로세스
- **관련용어**: Write-Off, Collection Agency, Credit Score, Provision for Doubtful Debts, Recovery Rate
- **활용예시**: "Telecom operators typically write off bad debts after 180-360 days of collection attempts, affecting 1-3% of revenue"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-br-015: Usage-Based Billing
- **정의**: Billing model charging customers based on actual consumption of services (data, minutes, messages) rather than fixed fees
- **출처**: TMForum GB917 - Rating, Charging and Billing Business Process Framework
- **컨텍스트**: 고정 요금이 아닌 실제 서비스 사용량(데이터·통화·메시지)에 기반한 과금 모델
- **관련용어**: Metered Billing, Tiered Pricing, Pay-As-You-Go, Overage Charges, Fair Usage Policy
- **활용예시**: "IoT services often use usage-based billing to align costs with actual data consumption per device"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

---

## 6. 네트워크 운용 (Network Operations)

### ext-no-001: FCAPS Model
- **정의**: ISO network management framework defining five functional areas: Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security management
- **출처**: ISO/IEC 7498-4 - OSI Management Framework
- **컨텍스트**: 네트워크 관리의 5대 기능 영역을 정의한 ISO 표준 프레임워크. 통신망 운용의 기본 체계
- **관련용어**: Fault Management, Configuration Management, Performance Monitoring, Security Management
- **활용예시**: "Telecom NOC operations are organized around FCAPS model with specialized teams for each functional area"
- **신뢰도**: 0.98

### ext-no-002: MTTR (Mean Time To Repair)
- **정의**: Average time required to repair a failed component or restore service, measured from fault detection to service restoration
- **출처**: ITU-T E.800 - Definitions of terms related to quality of service
- **컨텍스트**: 장애 감지부터 서비스 복구까지 소요되는 평균 시간. 운용 효율성의 핵심 KPI
- **관련용어**: MTBF, Availability, Downtime, Service Restoration, RCA (Root Cause Analysis)
- **활용예시**: "5G networks target MTTR under 2 hours for critical infrastructure failures through automated diagnostics"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-no-003: MTBF (Mean Time Between Failures)
- **정의**: Average time elapsed between two consecutive failures of a system or component, indicating reliability
- **출처**: ITU-T E.800 - Definitions of terms related to quality of service
- **컨텍스트**: 시스템 또는 구성요소의 연속된 두 장애 사이의 평균 시간. 신뢰성 지표
- **관련용어**: Reliability, MTTR, Availability, Failure Rate, Preventive Maintenance
- **활용예시**: "Carrier-grade equipment typically specifies MTBF of 100,000+ hours (11+ years)"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-no-004: Network Availability
- **정의**: Percentage of time that network service is operational and accessible, calculated as (Total Time - Downtime) / Total Time
- **출처**: ITU-T E.800 - Definitions of terms related to quality of service
- **컨텍스트**: 네트워크 서비스가 운영 가능하고 접근 가능한 시간의 비율. SLA의 핵심 지표
- **관련용어**: Uptime, Downtime, Five Nines (99.999%), SLA, Service Reliability
- **활용예시**: "Carrier networks target 99.999% availability allowing only 5.26 minutes downtime per year"
- **신뢰도**: 0.98

### ext-no-005: Fault Management System (FMS)
- **정의**: Automated system for detecting, isolating, diagnosing, and resolving network faults through event correlation and root cause analysis
- **출처**: ITU-T M.3010 - Principles for a telecommunications management network (TMN)
- **컨텍스트**: 이벤트 상관분석 및 근본원인 분석을 통해 네트워크 장애를 감지·격리·진단·해결하는 자동화 시스템
- **관련용어**: Alarm Management, Event Correlation, Trouble Ticketing, Auto-Remediation, NOC
- **활용예시**: "Modern FMS correlates thousands of alarms per second to identify root causes and trigger automated remediation"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-no-006: KPI (Key Performance Indicator)
- **정의**: Quantifiable metrics measuring critical aspects of network performance including throughput, latency, packet loss, and availability
- **출처**: 3GPP TS 32.410-32.425 - Performance Management (PM) KPI definitions
- **컨텍스트**: 처리량·지연·패킷 손실·가용성 등 네트워크 성능의 핵심 측면을 측정하는 정량화된 지표
- **관련용어**: SLA, QoS, Performance Monitoring, Network Analytics, Threshold Management
- **활용예시**: "5G KPIs include RRC setup success rate >99%, handover success rate >98%, and average latency <10ms"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-no-007: Traffic Engineering
- **정의**: Process of optimizing network performance through intelligent routing, load balancing, and capacity management
- **출처**: IETF RFC 3272 - Overview and Principles of Internet Traffic Engineering
- **컨텍스트**: 지능형 라우팅·부하분산·용량관리를 통해 네트워크 성능을 최적화하는 프로세스
- **관련용어**: MPLS-TE, Load Balancing, Path Optimization, QoS Routing, Bandwidth Management
- **활용예시**: "Traffic engineering reduces network congestion by 30-40% through optimal path selection and load distribution"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-no-008: Capacity Planning
- **정의**: Proactive process of forecasting future network demand and planning infrastructure expansion to meet growth requirements
- **출처**: ITU-T E.492 - Traffic forecasting network management and service provisioning
- **컨텍스트**: 미래 네트워크 수요를 예측하고 성장 요구사항을 충족하기 위한 인프라 확장 계획 수립
- **관련용어**: Demand Forecasting, Dimensioning, Utilization Trends, Growth Planning, Network Expansion
- **활용예시**: "Capacity planning typically uses 18-24 month forecasts based on traffic growth trends and service launch plans"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-no-009: Configuration Management Database (CMDB)
- **정의**: Centralized repository storing configuration information about network elements, relationships, and dependencies
- **출처**: ITIL v4 - Service Configuration Management Practice
- **컨텍스트**: 네트워크 구성요소·관계·의존성에 대한 구성 정보를 저장하는 중앙 저장소
- **관련용어**: Configuration Item (CI), Asset Management, Change Management, Service Model, Dependency Mapping
- **활용예시**: "CMDB enables impact analysis before changes by mapping dependencies between network elements and services"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-no-010: Change Management
- **정의**: Formal process controlling and documenting changes to network infrastructure to minimize service disruption and maintain stability
- **출처**: ITIL v4 - Change Enablement Practice
- **컨텍스트**: 서비스 중단을 최소화하고 안정성을 유지하기 위해 네트워크 인프라 변경을 통제·문서화하는 공식 프로세스
- **관련용어**: Change Request, CAB (Change Advisory Board), Change Window, Rollback Plan, Risk Assessment
- **활용예시**: "Standard changes undergo abbreviated approval while high-risk changes require full CAB review and testing"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-no-011: Self-Organizing Network (SON)
- **정의**: Automation technology enabling mobile networks to self-configure, self-optimize, and self-heal without manual intervention
- **출처**: 3GPP TS 32.500 - Self-Organizing Networks (SON) concepts and requirements
- **컨텍스트**: 수동 개입 없이 자가구성·자가최적화·자가복구가 가능한 모바일 네트워크 자동화 기술
- **관련용어**: Auto-Configuration, Auto-Optimization, Auto-Healing, PCI Planning, Neighbor Relations
- **활용예시**: "SON functions include automatic PCI assignment, neighbor relation management, and capacity optimization in 4G/5G networks"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-no-012: Network Slicing Operations
- **정의**: Management and orchestration of isolated virtual networks (slices) with different performance characteristics on shared infrastructure
- **출처**: 3GPP TS 28.530 - Management and orchestration of network slicing
- **컨텍스트**: 공유 인프라에서 서로 다른 성능 특성을 가진 격리된 가상 네트워크(슬라이스)의 관리 및 오케스트레이션
- **관련용어**: Slice Lifecycle, NSI (Network Slice Instance), Slice SLA, E2E Orchestration, Resource Isolation
- **활용예시**: "Network slicing operations include slice instantiation, modification, monitoring, and termination with guaranteed SLA"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-no-013: Predictive Maintenance
- **정의**: Proactive maintenance approach using data analytics and ML to predict equipment failures before they occur
- **출처**: ISO 13374 - Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines
- **컨텍스트**: 데이터 분석 및 ML을 활용하여 장비 고장을 사전에 예측하는 선제적 유지보수 접근법
- **관련용어**: Condition-Based Maintenance, Anomaly Detection, Failure Prediction, Equipment Health, Preventive Maintenance
- **활용예시**: "Predictive maintenance reduces unplanned outages by 40-50% through early detection of degrading components"
- **신뢰도**: 0.93

### ext-no-014: Zero Touch Provisioning
- **정의**: Automated device onboarding process requiring no manual configuration, enabling plug-and-play deployment
- **출처**: O-RAN Alliance - O-RAN Operations and Maintenance Architecture
- **컨텍스트**: 수동 구성 없이 자동으로 기기를 온보딩하는 프로세스. 플러그 앤 플레이 배포 가능
- **관련용어**: Auto-Configuration, Device Discovery, Bootstrap Protocol, Remote Provisioning, Template-Based Config
- **활용예시**: "Zero touch provisioning enables rapid 5G small cell deployment with automatic configuration from centralized management"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-no-015: Network Performance Monitoring (NPM)
- **정의**: Continuous monitoring and analysis of network metrics to ensure optimal performance and identify degradation
- **출처**: ITU-T M.3400 - TMN management functions
- **컨텍스트**: 최적 성능 보장 및 성능 저하 식별을 위한 네트워크 지표의 지속적 모니터링 및 분석
- **관련용어**: KPI Monitoring, Performance Dashboards, Trend Analysis, Anomaly Detection, Real-Time Analytics
- **활용예시**: "NPM systems track real-time KPIs across RAN, transport, and core networks with automated alerting for threshold violations"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

---

## 7. 서비스 기획 및 상품 개발 (Service Planning & Product Development)

### ext-sp-001: MVP (Minimum Viable Product)
- **정의**: Product development strategy releasing basic version with core features to validate market demand before full-scale development
- **출처**: Eric Ries - The Lean Startup (Industry Standard Methodology)
- **컨텍스트**: 전면 개발 전에 시장 수요를 검증하기 위해 핵심 기능만 포함한 기본 버전을 출시하는 제품 개발 전략
- **관련용어**: Lean Startup, Product-Market Fit, Iterative Development, Customer Validation, Agile
- **활용예시**: "Telecom operators launch MVPs for new digital services to test adoption before investing in full feature sets"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-sp-002: Service Design Thinking
- **정의**: Human-centered approach to innovation that integrates customer needs, technology feasibility, and business viability
- **출처**: Stanford d.school - Design Thinking Methodology
- **컨텍스트**: 고객 니즈·기술 실현성·비즈니스 타당성을 통합하는 인간 중심의 혁신 접근법
- **관련용어**: Customer Journey, Persona, Empathy Map, Prototyping, User Research
- **활용예시**: "Service design thinking workshops involve cross-functional teams to ideate and prototype customer-centric solutions"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-sp-003: Product Roadmap
- **정의**: Strategic document outlining product vision, planned features, and release timeline aligned with business objectives
- **출처**: Product Management Institute - Product Roadmap Best Practices
- **컨텍스트**: 비즈니스 목표와 연계된 제품 비전·계획 기능·출시 일정을 개략적으로 제시하는 전략 문서
- **관련용어**: Feature Prioritization, Release Planning, Strategic Themes, Milestone, Backlog
- **활용예시**: "5G service roadmap spans 3-5 years with phased rollout of eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC use cases"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-sp-004: Value Proposition Canvas
- **정의**: Strategic tool mapping customer jobs, pains, and gains against product features, pain relievers, and gain creators
- **출처**: Alexander Osterwalder - Value Proposition Design
- **컨텍스트**: 고객의 과업·불편·이득과 제품 기능·불편 해소·이득 창출을 매핑하는 전략 도구
- **관련용어**: Customer Segment, Job To Be Done, Pain Points, Gain, Product-Market Fit
- **활용예시**: "Value proposition canvas ensures new telecom services address real customer needs rather than technology push"
- **신뢰도**: 0.93

### ext-sp-005: A/B Testing
- **정의**: Experimentation method comparing two versions of product feature or marketing element to determine which performs better
- **출처**: Google Optimize - A/B Testing Best Practices
- **컨텍스트**: 제품 기능 또는 마케팅 요소의 두 버전을 비교하여 성능이 더 나은 것을 결정하는 실험 방법
- **관련용어**: Multivariate Testing, Split Testing, Conversion Rate, Statistical Significance, Control Group
- **활용예시**: "A/B testing self-service flows increased digital sales conversion by 25% through optimized user experience"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-sp-006: Net Promoter System
- **정의**: Management framework using NPS metric combined with customer feedback loop to drive continuous improvement
- **출처**: Bain & Company - The Net Promoter System
- **컨텍스트**: NPS 지표와 고객 피드백 루프를 결합하여 지속적 개선을 추진하는 관리 프레임워크
- **관련용어**: Closed-Loop Feedback, Promoter, Detractor, Customer Loyalty, Action Planning
- **활용예시**: "Net Promoter System requires following up with detractors within 48 hours to address issues and prevent churn"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-sp-007: Freemium Model
- **정의**: Business model offering basic services for free while charging for premium features, targeting mass adoption with upsell opportunity
- **출처**: Chris Anderson - Free: The Future of a Radical Price
- **컨텍스트**: 기본 서비스는 무료로 제공하고 프리미엄 기능은 유료화하여 대량 채택 및 상향 판매 기회 창출
- **관련용어**: Free Tier, Upgrade Path, Conversion Funnel, Premium Features, User Acquisition
- **활용예시**: "Telecom OTT services use freemium model with free basic streaming and paid premium content/features"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-sp-008: Product-Market Fit
- **정의**: Degree to which a product satisfies strong market demand, evidenced by organic growth and high retention
- **출처**: Marc Andreessen - The Only Thing That Matters (Industry Framework)
- **컨텍스트**: 제품이 강력한 시장 수요를 충족하는 정도. 자연 성장 및 높은 유지율로 증명
- **관련용어**: Market Demand, Customer Retention, Product Validation, Growth Metrics, Churn Rate
- **활용예시**: "Product-market fit is achieved when >40% of users say they would be 'very disappointed' if product disappeared"
- **신뢰도**: 0.93

### ext-sp-009: Blue Ocean Strategy
- **정의**: Innovation approach creating new uncontested market space (blue ocean) rather than competing in existing markets (red ocean)
- **출처**: W. Chan Kim & Renée Mauborgne - Blue Ocean Strategy
- **컨텍스트**: 기존 시장(레드 오션)에서 경쟁하기보다 새로운 무경쟁 시장 공간(블루 오션)을 창출하는 혁신 접근법
- **관련용어**: Value Innovation, Strategy Canvas, Four Actions Framework, Red Ocean, Differentiation
- **활용예시**: "Telecom operators pursue blue ocean in enterprise IoT solutions rather than competing solely on consumer mobile pricing"
- **신뢰도**: 0.91

### ext-sp-010: Jobs To Be Done Framework
- **정의**: Innovation theory focusing on customer's fundamental 'job' they want accomplished rather than demographic characteristics
- **출처**: Clayton Christensen - Competing Against Luck
- **컨텍스트**: 인구통계적 특성보다 고객이 완수하려는 근본적인 '과업'에 집중하는 혁신 이론
- **관련용어**: Customer Need, Outcome-Driven Innovation, Progress, Hiring Products, Functional Job
- **활용예시**: "Customers 'hire' unlimited data plans not for data itself but for peace of mind and connectivity freedom"
- **신뢰도**: 0.92

### ext-sp-011: Kano Model
- **정의**: Product development framework categorizing features into Must-Have, Performance, and Delighters based on customer satisfaction impact
- **출처**: Noriaki Kano - Attractive Quality and Must-Be Quality (Academic Research)
- **컨텍스트**: 기능을 고객 만족도 영향에 따라 필수·성능·매력 속성으로 분류하는 제품 개발 프레임워크
- **관련용어**: Must-Be Quality, One-Dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, Feature Prioritization
- **활용예시**: "Network coverage is must-have, speed is performance feature, while AI-powered service is delighter in mobile plans"
- **신뢰도**: 0.93

### ext-sp-012: Service Blueprint
- **정의**: Diagram mapping customer journey and corresponding backend processes, systems, and employee actions supporting each touchpoint
- **출처**: G. Lynn Shostack - Designing Services That Deliver (Harvard Business Review)
- **컨텍스트**: 고객 여정과 각 접점을 지원하는 백엔드 프로세스·시스템·직원 행동을 매핑한 다이어그램
- **관련용어**: Customer Journey, Frontstage, Backstage, Support Processes, Line of Visibility
- **활용예시**: "Service blueprints reveal operational bottlenecks and handoff failures that degrade customer experience"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-sp-013: Agile Product Development
- **정의**: Iterative development approach delivering working product increments in short sprints with continuous customer feedback
- **출처**: Agile Manifesto - Principles behind the Agile Manifesto
- **컨텍스트**: 짧은 스프린트로 작동하는 제품 증분을 제공하고 지속적인 고객 피드백을 받는 반복적 개발 접근법
- **관련용어**: Scrum, Sprint, User Story, Backlog, Retrospective, Continuous Delivery
- **활용예시**: "Agile methodology enables telecom digital services to launch new features every 2-4 weeks based on user feedback"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-sp-014: Subscription Economy
- **정의**: Business model shift from one-time purchases to ongoing subscriber relationships with recurring revenue
- **출처**: Tien Tzuo - Subscribed: Why the Subscription Model Will Be Your Company's Future
- **컨텍스트**: 일회성 구매에서 반복 수익을 창출하는 지속적 구독자 관계로의 비즈니스 모델 전환
- **관련용어**: Recurring Revenue, Customer Lifetime Value, Churn Management, Subscription Fatigue, MRR
- **활용예시**: "Subscription model aligns telecom incentives with ongoing customer value delivery rather than one-time device sales"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-sp-015: Ecosystem Strategy
- **정의**: Business approach creating value through networked partnerships and platforms rather than vertically integrated offerings
- **출처**: Marco Iansiti & Roy Levien - Strategy as Ecology (Harvard Business Review)
- **컨텍스트**: 수직 통합 제공이 아닌 네트워크화된 파트너십 및 플랫폼을 통해 가치를 창출하는 비즈니스 접근법
- **관련용어**: Platform Business, Network Effects, Partner Ecosystem, Co-Creation, API Economy
- **활용예시**: "Telecom operators build digital ecosystems integrating fintech, content, IoT, and cloud partners for comprehensive value"
- **신뢰도**: 0.92

---

## 8. 정보보안 (Information Security)

### ext-is-001: Zero Trust Architecture
- **정의**: Security model that eliminates implicit trust and requires continuous verification of every user and device attempting to access resources
- **출처**: NIST SP 800-207 - Zero Trust Architecture
- **컨텍스트**: 묵시적 신뢰를 제거하고 자원 접근을 시도하는 모든 사용자와 기기의 지속적 검증을 요구하는 보안 모델
- **관련용어**: Least Privilege, Micro-Segmentation, Continuous Authentication, Never Trust Always Verify, Identity-Based Access
- **활용예시**: "Zero trust architecture assumes breach and verifies every access request regardless of source location or network"
- **신뢰도**: 0.98

### ext-is-002: SIEM (Security Information and Event Management)
- **정의**: Security solution aggregating and analyzing security logs from multiple sources to detect threats and ensure compliance
- **출처**: Gartner - Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) Market Guide
- **컨텍스트**: 다중 소스의 보안 로그를 집계·분석하여 위협을 탐지하고 컴플라이언스를 보장하는 보안 솔루션
- **관련용어**: Log Management, Correlation Rules, Threat Detection, Incident Response, Compliance Reporting
- **활용예시**: "SIEM platforms correlate millions of events per second to identify attack patterns and generate security alerts"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-is-003: GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)
- **정의**: EU regulation governing data protection and privacy for individuals in European Union and European Economic Area
- **출처**: EU Regulation 2016/679 - General Data Protection Regulation
- **컨텍스트**: 유럽연합 및 유럽경제지역 내 개인의 데이터 보호 및 프라이버시를 규율하는 EU 규정
- **관련용어**: Data Privacy, Consent Management, Right to Erasure, Data Breach Notification, Privacy by Design
- **활용예시**: "GDPR requires telecom operators to obtain explicit consent for data processing and enable data portability"
- **신뢰도**: 0.99

### ext-is-004: DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) Mitigation
- **정의**: Techniques and systems protecting against overwhelming traffic attacks designed to make services unavailable
- **출처**: IETF RFC 4732 - Internet Denial-of-Service Considerations
- **컨텍스트**: 서비스를 사용 불가능하게 만드는 압도적인 트래픽 공격으로부터 보호하는 기술 및 시스템
- **관련용어**: Traffic Scrubbing, Rate Limiting, Anycast, Botnet, Volumetric Attack, Application Layer Attack
- **활용예시**: "DDoS mitigation uses traffic scrubbing centers to filter malicious requests while allowing legitimate traffic through"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-is-005: PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)
- **정의**: Framework managing digital certificates and public-key encryption to enable secure electronic communication
- **출처**: IETF RFC 5280 - Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and CRL Profile
- **컨텍스트**: 안전한 전자 통신을 가능하게 하는 디지털 인증서 및 공개키 암호화 관리 프레임워크
- **관련용어**: Digital Certificate, CA (Certificate Authority), Encryption, Digital Signature, Trust Chain
- **활용예시**: "PKI enables mutual authentication between network elements and ensures integrity of signaling messages"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-is-006: SEPP (Security Edge Protection Proxy)
- **정의**: 5G network function providing security at roaming interface by filtering, policing, and topology hiding
- **출처**: 3GPP TS 33.501 - Security architecture and procedures for 5G System
- **컨텍스트**: 로밍 인터페이스에서 필터링·정책 적용·토폴로지 은닉을 통해 보안을 제공하는 5G 네트워크 기능
- **관련용어**: N32 Interface, Roaming Security, Topology Hiding, Message Filtering, IPX Security
- **활용예시**: "SEPP protects 5G core from external threats by acting as security gateway for all roaming traffic"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-is-007: Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
- **정의**: Security technology monitoring network traffic and system activities for malicious activities or policy violations
- **출처**: NIST SP 800-94 - Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS)
- **컨텍스트**: 악의적 활동 또는 정책 위반을 탐지하기 위해 네트워크 트래픽 및 시스템 활동을 모니터링하는 보안 기술
- **관련용어**: IPS (Intrusion Prevention), Signature-Based Detection, Anomaly Detection, Network IDS, Host IDS
- **활용예시**: "IDS analyzes packet payloads and compares against known attack signatures to detect intrusion attempts"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-is-008: Security Orchestration Automation and Response (SOAR)
- **정의**: Platform integrating security tools and automating incident response workflows to improve threat detection and remediation speed
- **출처**: Gartner - Security Orchestration, Automation and Response (SOAR) Market Guide
- **컨텍스트**: 보안 도구를 통합하고 인시던트 대응 워크플로를 자동화하여 위협 탐지 및 해결 속도를 향상시키는 플랫폼
- **관련용어**: Security Automation, Playbooks, Incident Response, Threat Intelligence, Case Management
- **활용예시**: "SOAR platforms reduce incident response time from hours to minutes through automated playbook execution"
- **신뢰도**: 0.94

### ext-is-009: Penetration Testing
- **정의**: Authorized simulated cyber attack to evaluate security posture by identifying exploitable vulnerabilities
- **출처**: NIST SP 800-115 - Technical Guide to Information Security Testing and Assessment
- **컨텍스트**: 악용 가능한 취약점을 식별하여 보안 태세를 평가하는 승인된 모의 사이버 공격
- **관련용어**: Ethical Hacking, Red Team, Vulnerability Assessment, Exploit, Security Audit
- **활용예시**: "Annual penetration testing simulates real-world attacks to identify security gaps before malicious actors exploit them"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

### ext-is-010: Data Loss Prevention (DLP)
- **정의**: Security strategy and tools preventing unauthorized transmission of sensitive information outside organizational boundaries
- **출처**: Gartner - Data Loss Prevention (DLP) Market Guide
- **컨텍스트**: 조직 경계 밖으로 민감 정보의 무단 전송을 방지하는 보안 전략 및 도구
- **관련용어**: Data Classification, Content Inspection, Policy Enforcement, Endpoint Protection, Email Security
- **활용예시**: "DLP systems scan outbound communications for PII, credit cards, and proprietary data to prevent data breaches"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-is-011: Security Operations Center (SOC)
- **정의**: Centralized facility housing security team and technologies for continuous monitoring, detection, and response to threats
- **출처**: NIST SP 800-61 Rev. 2 - Computer Security Incident Handling Guide
- **컨텍스트**: 위협에 대한 지속적 모니터링·탐지·대응을 위한 보안팀 및 기술이 위치한 중앙 시설
- **관련용어**: Security Analyst, Threat Hunting, Incident Response, 24/7 Monitoring, Tier 1/2/3 Analysts
- **활용예시**: "Telecom SOC operates 24/7 monitoring network security events and coordinating incident response across infrastructure"
- **신뢰도**: 0.98

### ext-is-012: Vulnerability Management
- **정의**: Continuous process of identifying, classifying, prioritizing, remediating, and mitigating software vulnerabilities
- **출처**: NIST SP 800-40 Rev. 4 - Guide to Enterprise Patch Management Planning
- **컨텍스트**: 소프트웨어 취약점을 식별·분류·우선순위화·해결·완화하는 지속적인 프로세스
- **관련용어**: Vulnerability Scanning, Patch Management, CVE, CVSS Score, Risk Assessment
- **활용예시**: "Vulnerability management programs scan infrastructure weekly and prioritize patching based on CVSS scores and exploitability"
- **신뢰도**: 0.96

### ext-is-013: Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
- **정의**: Security method requiring two or more verification factors (knowledge, possession, inherence) to access resources
- **출처**: NIST SP 800-63B - Digital Identity Guidelines: Authentication and Lifecycle Management
- **컨텍스트**: 자원 접근을 위해 두 개 이상의 검증 요소(지식·소유·생체)를 요구하는 보안 방법
- **관련용어**: 2FA, Biometric Authentication, OTP, Security Token, Passwordless Authentication
- **활용예시**: "MFA reduces account compromise risk by 99.9% compared to password-only authentication"
- **신뢰도**: 0.98

### ext-is-014: Security Incident and Event Management (SIEM) Use Cases
- **정의**: Predefined detection scenarios in SIEM platform identifying specific security threats like brute force attacks or data exfiltration
- **출처**: MITRE ATT&CK Framework - Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures
- **컨텍스트**: 무차별 대입 공격 또는 데이터 유출과 같은 특정 보안 위협을 식별하는 SIEM 플랫폼의 사전 정의된 탐지 시나리오
- **관련용어**: Correlation Rule, Attack Pattern, Threat Scenario, Use Case Development, IOC (Indicator of Compromise)
- **활용예시**: "Common SIEM use cases include detecting multiple failed logins, privilege escalation, and unusual data transfer volumes"
- **신뢰도**: 0.95

### ext-is-015: Encryption at Rest and in Transit
- **정의**: Security practice encrypting data both when stored (at rest) and during transmission (in transit) to protect confidentiality
- **출처**: NIST SP 800-111 - Guide to Storage Encryption Technologies for End User Devices
- **컨텍스트**: 저장된 데이터(정지 상태) 및 전송 중인 데이터(전송 상태) 모두를 암호화하여 기밀성을 보호하는 보안 관행
- **관련용어**: AES, TLS/SSL, Data Encryption, Key Management, End-to-End Encryption
- **활용예시**: "Telecom operators encrypt customer data at rest using AES-256 and in transit using TLS 1.3 for comprehensive protection"
- **신뢰도**: 0.97

---

## Remaining Domains Summary

Due to token limitations, I've created comprehensive samples for 8 out of 15 domains with 120 detailed entries. The remaining 7 domains would follow the same structure:

### 9. 시스템 운영 및 관리 (15 samples)
- Cloud Infrastructure, Container Orchestration, DevOps, CI/CD, Monitoring, etc.

### 10. 가입자 관리 (15 samples)
- Customer Identity, Number Portability, SIM Management, KYC/AML, etc.

### 11. 망 품질 관리 (15 samples)
- QoS/QoE, Drive Test, Benchmarking, Network Optimization, etc.

### 12. 규제 대응 및 준법 (15 samples)
- Spectrum Licensing, Interconnection Regulation, Net Neutrality, etc.

### 13. 기업 영업 (15 samples)
- Enterprise SLA, Dedicated Line, SD-WAN, UCaaS, CPaaS, etc.

### 14. 로밍 및 국제 업무 (15 samples)
- International Roaming, TAP/RAP, Hubbing, IPX, Wholesale, etc.

### 15. 신사업 (15 samples)
- OTT Platforms, 5G Enterprise, IoT Platforms, Edge Computing Services, etc.

**Total Created**: 120 samples across 8 domains
**Remaining**: 105 samples for 7 domains

Would you like me to continue generating the remaining domains?